Is it true that in the photo the poet Garcia Lorca reads poetry before the execution?

A picture has been going on on the network for many years, which, as claimed, has captured one of the most famous Spanish poets for moments before execution. We checked whether Federico Garcia Lorca really in the photo.

The photograph depicts a man standing against the wall in whom two soldiers in uniform aim. The picture, usually signed by the words “The poet Garcia Lorca reads poetry before the execution. Spain, 1936 ", bypassed some entertainment resources ("Picabu" Creozavr), but gained particular popularity in social networks: in particular, on Facebook (there are publications with 2500 And 1000 reposts at the time of writing of the analysis), on VKontakte (public "History of the world | Historical facts" - 34,000 views, The Gentleman - 29,000 and "History of mankind" - four post With General audience at 65,000 views), as well as in Telegram (on channels Black History - 84,000 views, "Secretly" - 75,000,"Film" - 72 000 and Dark History - 57,000).

Hispanic Federico Garcia Lorca He devoted half of his short (38 years) life to a literary career: he experimented with various - from poems to plays - forms, turned to history and traditions, and his creative heritage to this day has a huge impact on art in the Spanish language and beyond. However, for many people outside of Spain, almost the only fact known to Lorca known to Lorke remains his tragic death in 1936 during the Civil War from the hands of the unconnected rebellion Francists. Particular attention was paid to this event in the Soviet Union - against the background of a long -term ideological confrontation with dictatorship Franco, Soviet literary criticism, according to words Dmitry Bykov, "stubbornly made Lorca almost a socialist (in reality he was rather apolitical)." The most venerable poems dedicated to Lorca Soviet poets, his biography was released in the series "The life of wonderful people", And in 1986 on central television, a television attitude" was shown "The death of the poet".

For many years, the idea of ​​the circumstances of the death of Federico Garcia Lorca was based mainly on the assumptions and stories of unconfirmed eyewitnesses. This was primarily due to the fact that the Francists tried to hide the traces of their participation in the incident, publishing the information that did not correspond to reality. When in 1937 the Mexican journalist asked Franco himself a bold question: “Did you shoot writers who are universal fame?” answered: “Abroad, they talk a lot about the writer from Granada (Lorca was born and died in this Spanish province. - Approx. Ed.); They say a lot, because the Reds are waving this name as a propaganda bait. The truth is that in the first minutes of the revolution in Granad, this writer died with the rebels; These are the natural accidents of the war. Granada was besieged for many days, and the madness of the republican authorities who distributed the weapons to the people gave rise to a spark, from one of which the poet from Granada died. His loss as a poet was regrettable, and red propaganda made a banner from this accident, exploiting the sensitivity of the intellectual world. ”

Many decades have passed, and only in 2015 documents from the dossier in the Lorki case, published on the website of the leading Spanish radio station Cadena Ser, allowed us to bring certain clarity to the picture of what happened. It all started with the fact that in 1965, the French writer Marcel Zler, a good friend of Lorca, filed a request to the Spanish embassy in Paris about the circumstances of the death of the poet. The saker, which worked on the book “The Life and Death of Garcia Lorca”, did not receive a report from the embassy. However, 50 years later, the public was provoked by this request correspondence Ministers of the Internal and Foreign Affairs of Spain, as well as the followed by it report Higher Police Directorate of Granada. Thanks to him, we know about the following chain of events.

In July 1936, shortly before the outbreak of civil war, the poet, in the context of an increase in tension in the country, decided to leave Madrid to his family-to his native Andalusia, to the Urta de San-Ventse estate. Just three days later, a military rebellion occurred, and the power in Granada's province passed to the nationalists who used the support of the army. According to the report, after two searches that took place in the house of Garcia Lorca, he was worried and decided to hide in the house of his friends, the professional brothers Rosalez, where he was ultimately arrested on the evening of August 16. There could be several reasons for the arrest-for example, Lorca was suspected that he was a socialist "because of the nature of his performances and communications with other important persons of the same political affiliation." Also in the document the poet was called "Mason" and "homosexual, although there is no exact data about any particular case." Further, according to the report, Lorca was placed in the civil administration building, from where on the eve of the execution they transferred to the Granadsky town of Voznar. Near this settlement, in the rural area of ​​Fueente-grand, on the night of August 18 to 19, he was shot along with three other detainees. The poet was buried, as stated, "in a ravine 2 km from Fuente Grande." It was not possible to establish a more accurate burial place, according to the report. It is unknown to this day, despite the numerous excavations.

So, it is more or less known that Federico Garcia Lorca was shot in open areas, and not in anything, reminiscent of a closed courtyard of prison, as in the photograph. The matter took place at night, and in the photo we see natural light. Questions also cause a person’s appearance in the picture. That's how He looked Lorca in July 1936, a few days before the death:

Before us two are completely different in the type and color of the human hair:

Where did the popular frame with the execution of Federico Garcia Lorca come from?

In 2011, the Spanish punk rock band Boikot released a clip for a song Lágrimas de Rabia ("Tears of rage") dedicated to the events of the Civil War in Spain and subsequent decades of life under the dictatorship of Franco. In parallel, the 15-minute documentary movieIn which shots from the clip alternated with personnel from interviews of different witnesses of those events. The group devotes a large one attention This topic is at her concerts often Check the flags Second Spanish Republic And shout anti -fascist slogans.

According to the plot of the clip, a middle -aged school teacher tells students (judging by the inscription on a cool board) about a poetic collection called “The wind of the people"(1937) Miguel Ernandes - another writer who became a victim of the Franco regime in 1942. The first poem of this collection is devoted to the memory of Federico Garcia Lorca, whose name is also indicated on the board. At this time, people in the uniform burst into the classroom and lead the teacher, and at the climax of the teacher, who recluses freedom -loving poems, they shoot. At the same time, you can see a frame that coincides with the photo popular on the Internet. And although it cannot be said that before us Federico Garcia Lorca (neither the present, nor even as the hero of the clip), at least with 2015 The screenshot from a musical video in social networks began to be accompanied by a signature of the Spanish poet, supposedly reading their last verses. As we see, such a delusion exists in Our days, despite the many in the eyes of inconsistencies with the real biography of Lorca.

Photo on the cover: social networks

Not true

What do our verdicts mean?

Read on the topic:

1. Is it true that Eduard Hil’s song “At the Forest on the Srump” is written on the basis of the verses of the Spanish poet?
2. Is it true that Nikolai Gumilyov predicted his own execution?
3. Is it true that the rating of Nikolai Chausko a week before his execution was 99%?