Is a selection of works of literature and cinema true, which were allegedly Ukrainian -speaking in the original?

In social networks, we came across a popular post in which the author claims that the “Dunno” was written in Ukrainian, the film “Behind two Hares” initially had a Ukrainian phonogram, and “Kolobok” and “Kurochka Ryaba” - Ukrainian folk tales. We decided to check each of these statements for reliability.

Fast, Published by the user of Leonid SHPAK in 2020, at the time of publication collected almost 5,000 likes, more than 500 comments and 11,000 reposts. The author of the post writes: “Do you know that“ Dunno ”was written in Ukrainian? And then he was translated into Moscow and he became a classic of "Moscow communist literature." And before that, the Ukrainian "Kolobok" and "Ryaba Kurochka" became Moscow folk tales. About the songs in general, a separate topic)) P. S. The film "Behind two hares" was first shot in Ukrainian. " In the post, the author refers to userswho have borrowed Information about "Dunno", but in the case of fairy tales and the film, the sources do not indicate.

"Dunno" was written in Ukrainian

Bogdan Chaly, former editor of the Ukrainian children's magazine "Barvinok", said in one of interview About the history of the first publication "Dunno". “In November 1952, together with Valentin Bychk and Maxim Rylsky, we were delegated to Minsk for the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Belarusian writer Yakub Kolas. There we met Nikolai Nosov, ”Chaly recalled. Then Nosov admitted to his colleagues that, under the influence of Maria Pridovaeva, who wrote many stories of Lenin’s life, a story about Lenin-Rein should be written. But he more wanted to write a novel about the country of fabulous shorties. Even the image of the main character was ready - Dunno. Nosov complained that it would be difficult to publish the story in Moscow, because it is not about the exemplary Soviet pioneer. Chaloma liked the idea of ​​Dunno so much that he suggested that Nosov print the first chapters of the work in his magazine.

Nosov Started To write "Dunno" in the Ukrainian Irpen, where he came to stay to his parents after meeting with Chalym. Upon returning to Moscow, where the writer lived most of his life, he continued his work. Having written another chapter, Nosov sent her to Barvinok, where the text Translated From Russian to Ukrainian and printed simultaneously in the Russian and Ukrainian-language versions of the magazine. The first chapter of "Dunno" appeared in February release 1953 entitled “The Adventures of Dunno and his Comrades” with the subtitle “Tale-Issue”. Thus, Nosov wrote "Dunno" in Russian, like all his other works. And the first edition of the fairy tale appeared in the Ukrainian literary journal Barvinok in two languages ​​at once: the original Russian and translated into Ukrainian.

Not true

"Kolobok" and "Kurochka Ryaba" - Ukrainian tales

The idea that Kolobok and Kurochka Ryaba belong to Ukrainian folklore, not Russian, sounded in performance Ukrainian human rights activist Vladimir Bogaychuk in 2009. At a press conference, Bogaychuk said that the Russians steal Ukrainian tales and songs, and as examples he brought the “Chicken Ryabu” and “Kolobok”: “There is a Russian folk tale, but in the Russian language there is no word“ Ryaby ”. There is "motley." "Chicken Pestrushka" should be. The same with Kolobk. In the dictionary of Vladimir Dahl, it is clearly written: "Kol - cf. Star. And now the southern southern stake, a circle, a rim, hoop; wheel. Southern West Mirskaya gathering, cereals, clan, Cossack circle, council; in the southern Slavs of a round dance." So, the guy who has a sides is around - Kolobok should be called "Round", - explained Bogaychuk.

Two years later, the compilers of the "Fairytale map of Ukraine" Presented Claim to the compilers of the atlas of fictional characters in Russia. The Ukrainian side accused the Russian colleagues of "theft" of fairy -tale heroes - Kolobok and the chicken of Ryaba. According to "Fairytale map of Russia", the birthplace of Kolobok is the Ulyanovsk region, but in Ukraine it is believed that this is not so. Supporters of the theory of Ukrainian origin Kolobok claim that he could not be born in Russia, since the word “Kolo” is absent in the Russian language, which in Ukrainian means “circumference”, “wheel”.

In turn, the head of the Russian project Alexei Kozlovsky declaredthat the name Kolobok came from the word “fluctuations”, which was called “the last bread from the square”, that is, the remains of the dough - just what grandfather and the old woman had rolled up. In the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language", compiled by Dal in 1819–1861, the Russian word is determined "Kolob": "M. Kolobok, Kolobochk; rolled lump, ball, pile, Valens, Katanets; Small, round bread. " An example of using the word: ""I am a bun, on the stratum worships, in cheese oil is attached, from a fairy tale. " The synonym for the words “kolob” - “fluctuations” - marked by the abbreviation “Simb.”, Which indicated Simbirsk The origin of the word. It is worth noting that Dal created a dictionary of the “Great Russian” language, that is, without claiming to cover Ukrainian and Belarusian material, although under the guise of “southern” and “western” dialect words a lot of words were included in the dictionary from these territories. So the Ukrainian word fell into the dictionary "Kolo (southwest)", mentioned by Vladimir Bogaychuk, who, nevertheless, is unlikely to have an etymological connection with the Russian Kolobka.

As for the fairy tale “The Kurochka Ryaba”, the argument of Bogaychuk that the Russian language was supposedly “pockmarked” in the Russian language is easy to refute, looking into the same explanatory dictionary of Dahl. "Redeous" - The synonym for the words "motley." And the dictionary of Ozhegov Curses Example of use: "A chicken-rhuba, chicken-ribs in fairy tales: a rippled chicken, a smalled golden testicle."

Both fairy tales - about a bun and a chicken of Ryaba - can be found in collection "Folk Russian fairy tales" compiled by a folklorist and ethnographer Alexander Afanasyev in 1826-1871. IN Notes Afanasyev to Kolobok states that such a plot is found in the folklore of the Baltic, Scandinavian, German peoples, as well as in the Uzbek and Tatar languages. The Russian versions of the fairy tale are known 16, the Ukrainian - eight, the Belarusian - five. In the international index Aarne-tompson-a sign of plots of folklore fairy tales-the general plot is classified as “A fled pancake: the main character runs away from the old man, old woman, wolf, bear, etc. ” The American analogue of Kolobok is “gingerbread man (English the gingerbread man), English-Johnny-Cake. And in Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian - a bun.

IN Notes Afanasyeva to the “Ryaba Kurochka” states that in total he recorded 11 Russian versions of a fairy tale, 11 Ukrainian and four Belarusian. In the Aarne-Thompson index also notedthat the plot about the “broken gold egg” is found in Slavic, Romanian, Lithuanian, Latvian and other Balkan and Baltic fairy tales.

Tales about the chicken of Ryaba and Kolobok are really in Ukrainian folklore. But talking about exclusively Ukrainian or exclusively Russian authorship is wrong. And the allegations that the words “Kolobok” and “Ryaba” did not exist in the Russian language are easily refuted by explanatory dictionaries.

Half truth

The film "Behind two Hares" was shot in Ukrainian

The film was shot on Soviet Film studio named after Dovzhenko In Kyiv. The film actors really spoke Ukrainian with an admixture Kyiv Surzhik, according to the text of the play of the Ukrainian playwright Mikhail Staritsky “For the Box of Zaitsey”. How did it happen that millions of spectators watched this film in Russian? Then, in the 1960s, cinematic and rental activities were controlled by the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Cinematography, or Goskino. The film "Behind two hares" Goskino Assigned The modest second category, which provided for rental only in the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. But the film comedy was so popular among the audience that soon the tape was partially repaired by the same actors into Russian and launched into all -Union rental.

Since then, the picture has been shown exclusively with a Russian -speaking audio road. The original Ukrainian phonogram was considered lost for more than half a century, until in 2013 it was not by chance discovered In the Mariupol film fund. In the fall of the same year, a movie with a Ukrainian -speaking phonogram Showed As part of the Film Festival "Youth" in Kyiv. Now this one version Available on the Internet.

So, the film really went out with the original Ukrainian -language audio road, and then was translated into Russian for a wider Soviet public.

Is it true

What do our verdicts mean?

Image: postage stamps of Ukraine, 2002. Source: Wikicommons

Read on the topic:

1. Arzamas. Slovar of the terms of Russian folklore
2. "Moscow Komsomolets." Semi -ethnic dungeon
3. Studio "Diafilm". "Kolobok"