According to the version popular on the Internet, the only name in the Russian folk tale appeared quite late - and not for the sake of rhyme with the "granddaughter", but from censorship reasons. We checked if it was true.
That's what reports Popular blogger Ibigdan: “And you never wondered why there is only a name in the Russian folk tale about the turnip? The rest of the characters without names are grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter, cat, mouse. It turns out that in a fairy tale about a repne, recorded in the middle of the 19th century by the publisher of fairy tales and folklorist A. N. Afanasyev and published in his collection, the dog is called not a bug, but a bitch. The bug appeared later in one of the many adaptations for children. ”
Similar information was reported by the journalist Sergey Dorenko, noting the role of censorship in this story. You can also learn about it from the services of answers to questions ("Big question.ru", sprashivalka.com).
“Turnip” is a folk tale, so talking about some original (primary source) would not be entirely correct. The works of oral folk art not only have the property to modify over time, but often in parallel in several versions. However, we can at least trace the history of the first publications.
It is believed that the first work of repuke was published by the collector of Russian folklore Alexander Afanasyev in his collection "Folk Russian Tales". In this regard, 1863 is often mentioned on the network, but we found the publication of this fairy tale in The publication of 1860. In earlier sources available for today, it does not occur, although the publication itself is a reprint of a similar book of 1858, as reported at the beginning of Tom. The same fairy tale, as so indicated, was recorded by A. Kharitonov in the Arkhangelsk province.
What do we see? Indeed, a nameless bitch comes to her grandfather after grandmother and granddaughter - apparently a dog’s female. It is also interesting to note that after a bitch, a cat or mouse is connected to the business, but a “leg” (with an emphasis on “o”), and only with the advent of the fifth leg it is possible to wrest out of the ground. There are several versions on this occasion - for example, in the 1983 publication “Folk Russian Tales of A. N. Afanasyev” it is said that this Feet-bird, that is, the griffin. But this note is not entirely consistent with the Vologda version of the fairy tale given by the same Afanasyev (“The leg runs along the path.” The leg, the help of the turnip to tear. ”Tipped-roli, could not tear out ...”). But in the collection "Children's Songs", published in 1868, edited by Peter Bessonov Everything converges: “Nonsh flew up, drove flew, the third flew in ...”. On one of the pre -revolutionary illustrations, we can see our legs in the ordinary sense:
But we are more interested in the personality of the third assistant, who is also called Bessonov “bitch”. When did she become a bug? This happened before Bessonov, but shortly after the release of the collection of Afanasyev. In 1864, the founder of scientific pedagogy in Russia Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky released a textbook "Native Word", which has gained great popularity and was published from 1864 until the revolution itself several times a year. It is here that the dog finds the name: “The granddaughter clicked the bug. A bug for a granddaughter, granddaughter for a grandmother, grandfather for a grandfather, grandfather for a turnip: they pull, pull out, they can’t pull it out. The bug clicked the cat. A cat for a bug, a bug for a granddaughter, granddaughter for a grandmother, a grandfather for a grandfather, grandfather for a turnip: they pull and pull, they cannot stretch. The bug clicked Masha. Masha for a bug, a bug for a granddaughter, granddaughter for a grandmother, a grandfather for a grandfather, grandfather for a turnip: they pull and pull, they cannot stretch. Masha clicked the mouse. Mouse for Masha, Masha for a bug, a bug for a granddaughter, granddaughter for a grandmother, grandfather for a grandfather, grandfather is pulled for a turnip-pulled out-pulled out a turnip. "
As you can see, in addition to a bug, Ushinsky also mentions Masha (possibly a cat) and a mouse. Most likely, the Archangelsk version published by Afanasyev took on the basis of his adaptation by Ushinsky - it differs from the rest. At the same time, Ushinsky did not leave information about why he refused the word “bitch”, but if you take into account that in the 19th century the word already had including Not the most pleasant context, his act is clear. And in the future, Ushinsky’s textbook, which spread to the most distant corners of the country, certainly could have an impact on the oral folklore tradition. So, already in "Repka", recorded by folklorists in Zaonezhie in 1926, we meet a granddaughter, a bug, a mashka, a cat, and a mouse. Most of the modern options for Masha’s fairy tale are no longer there, so they have a bug is a single character with their own name (after some exceptionwhen Masha is the name of a cat). As for our main question, indeed, the “bitch” became a “bug” after the first publication of a folk tale.
Is it true
Read on the topic:
1. "Grounded Turniper and Strong" grew up: about some features of a popular fairy tale
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