People say that the cat took revenge on them, and the media write about the revenge of monkeys to dogs. We decided to figure out whether animals are able to take revenge.
About how pets from revenge laid a bunch in the wrong place or spoiled things, often They tell Homemade owners cats And dogs. Revenge is or something else, argue on forums. But this ability is attributed not only to pets. On the Internet there are whole Collections cases when animals are from camels to Tigers - harmed People out of revenge. And not only to people. The last widely known case is monkeys in India Killed More than 250 dogs: they dropped them from trees and roofs of houses. By messages Media, it was revenge for torn the dogs of the cub.
As it turned out, zoologists primarily study animal relations within the species: whether they take revenge on their own. The revenge of animals is sometimes observed by scientists who study their own ability to cooperate. After all interaction It can be expressed in useful behavior - joint hunting, food exchange, protecting the pack from enemies. Or maybe in a destructive one: represent an "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth."
Biologists of France de Vaal and Leslie Lutrell studied the primates of retaliatory behavior by them. They Observing Behind the groups of monkeys living in captivity: chimpanzees, bear macaques and macaca macaques. All three species collaborated inside the pack for the common good. But the reverse side of reciprocity - the “system of revenge” - was discovered only in the group of chimpanzees. If the individual and often showed aggression to individual B, the individual b -b answered the same. Makak is on the contrary: the more often A attacked B, the less often it allowed itself to be aggression towards A. Scientists believe that this is due to the rigid hierarchy in flocks of Makak. The hierarchy does not allow them to act against individuals with higher social status.
Another scientist who studied Makak, Vladimir Dinetan claims that Makaki anyway Revenge, they just do it less clearly: if they cannot answer a strong offender, then they will attack someone weaker, for example, his relative. However, even in cases where the behavior of animals is similar to revenge, it is still not about the long-suffered plans for causing evil to another, but about enough fast answer.
Animals, about the revenge of which legends go, are elephants. There are a lot of the most striking manifestations of this revenge They wrote In 2003–2006. Then the elephants, previously calmly living in the African savannah, began to more and more often and for no apparent reason to attack the villages, trample the crops and buildings. To take revenge, you need to at least remember the resentment, and memory Elephants are better developed than other mammals. “They are definitely quite smart and have a good enough memory to take revenge.” She said Elephant researcher, Dr. Joyce Poole.
However, other scientists believe that the elephants attackers did not take revenge, but showed psychological trauma in this way. Elephants suffered from chronic stress: a generation of young individuals grew up, who saw their relatives killed poachers. At the same time, due to poaching and awkward attempts to control the number of herds of elderly, experienced elephants, and the social structure of the elephant herd collapsed, came to conclusion Psychologist Guy Bredshaw.
The concepts of mutually beneficial - and revenge - are associated with the concept of justice. And some animals also have it. Capecetis monkeys poorly respond to injustice, established study. Two monkeys were given either grapes or a less attractive cucumber for performing the same task. Both monkeys could see that another was getting. The cucumber received an individual indignant and Refused Follow the tasks further, finding that her friend received a more profitable fee for the same work.
As a result of another experiment It turned out that the worships remember those who arrived with them dishonestly and do not want to interact with the offenders anymore. The crow was treated to bread. Then the experimenters offered the bird to change bread for cheese - a more preferred treat. Some experimenters behaved “honestly”, that is, they took bread and gave cheese in return. Others took the bread at the raven, but they ate a piece of cheese themselves right in front of the bird's eyes. After such interaction, all seven raven participating in the experiment chose to change with the “honest” experimenter and did not agree to a deal with “dishonest”.
As for pets, people often take for revenge or resentment of manifestation Fear, stress or health problems with his pet. If the behavior of the animal has changed dramatically, he probably needs help, explained the biologist, not the punishment of the owner. Cat "revenge"And dog" resentment ", most likely, exist in head their owner, who attributes Animals of human emotions and motives.
So science has not yet given an unambiguous answer, whether animals are capable of revenge. It depends on the type of animal, its intelligence and memory. In addition, where some scientists see revenge, others are manifestations of aggression under the influence of stress.
This is not for sure
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