According to many sources, an idiom, denoting ridiculous inventions, appeared after the famous French writer in a completely serious mentioned plant in his notes about Russia. We checked if it was true.
That's what reports About this phraseology “Explanatory Dictionary of Four Tomas” edited by D. N. Ushakov: “The ambitious cranberries are a comic designation of fables, incredible, detecting a complete stranger with the subject [it is from the description of Russia, in which the superficial author-French writes that he sat“ under the shadow of majestic cranberries ”-Sur L'Umbre d'An kliukva majestieux] ".
Exactly the same explanation to the phrase Given In the "phraseological dictionary of the Russian language" (2014) edited by T. Volkova. But in the published in the same year "Pocket phraseological dictionary" The personality of the mysterious Frenchman is declassified: “A. After traveling around Russia, Dumas mentioned in the notes that he was sitting and drank tea from the samovar "under the shadow of a weighty cranberry." The book ended up in Russia, and this expression has become a symbol of ridiculous fiction. ” Dumas as an author is also mentioned in many other sources - for example, in books "History of Russia in Pollets", "Post -Soviet literature and aesthetics of transculture" and in the article by the writer Dmitry Bykov "Dumas like a father".
Of course, in Europe of the XIX century, they periodically encountered the Klukva, ridiculous for the Western ear. For example, it is mentioned in the 24-volume EncyClopaedia londinsis (1823), published in the UK. And in 1860 in Paris, the posthumous collected works of Sophia Svechina, the former maid of honor of Empress Maria Fedorovna, who spent most of her life in the capital of France, was published. A collection of aphorisms under the name entered this franc -speaking edition "Cranberry Substint" (Klukva podsnejnaia). Around the same time in parts began to be published Travel impressions Alexander Dumas from his trip to the Russian Empire in 1858–1859. However, you will not find anything about the "weighty cranberries" in them. Traces of this expression lead to Russia.
In the number of Moscow Vedomosti of November 16, 1871, editor Mikhail Katkov turned to an article about Moscow, published in the Paris weekly L’Allustration. In it, “the most ancient of the religious monuments built in the fence of the Kremlin” was called the Cathedral of Christ the Savior incomplete by that time, has nothing to do with the Kremlin. This blooper Commented The stinging phrase: “It smelled of us with those blessed times when a French tourist told how he was sitting in Russia à l’Umbre d’Une klukva ... (“ under the canopy of cranberries. ” - Approx. Author].” This is the earliest of the mention of the expression today, and the rollers could refer to the well -known public bike, as well In case of personal experience.
A little time passed, and cranberries began to indirectly associate with Dumas the father. So, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin in his “Pompadura and Pompadurshah” (1873) Writesthat the case brought him “with the Prince de la Cranky” (Le Prince de la Klioukwa). In the words of Saltykov, a parody of the Mnimorus names and surnames (for example, veal and cart) is guessed, with which Duma-father in his travel essays caused laughter among a large number of Russian readers.
Finally, in 1879, Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin, the future professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy and the publisher of the Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia, arrived from St. Petersburg to New York. In the English -language "Journal of the Orthodox Church" he posted Review On the fresh book of British journalist Grenville Marri “Russia Today”. Lopukhin wandered the book to the fluff, comparing it with the essays of Dumas the father, which allegedly stated that the Russian villagers love to cool “in the shadow of the centuries-old trees of cranberries” (in the Shade of a Secular Klukva Tree).
In 1894, in the Paris magazine "Guide to the Curious" Approvedthat the curved phrase about the “majestic tree called cranberries” (L’Rbre Majestueux nommé klukwa) in his book was used by another famous French author of the travel notes about Russia - Astolf de Custin. However, in his work "Russia in 1839" There is no such passage.
As you can see, in the first decades of its existence, the “cranberries” were not yet “cheerful” - at best, “majestic”, and the expression was quoted mainly in French, albeit with the same ironic context. However, already at the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian expression has found a modern look. In 1907, in the magazine “Libra” one could read: “Previously, Russia abroad was famous as a country where, under the shadow of a weighty cranberry, the peasants drink a drink called a samovar,” in 1908, in “New Time” - “It turned out that ambitious cranberries, under the cool dream of which French novelists of good old time loved to contemplate the Russian man by vacationers for samovar in a midday. The heat ”, and in the magazine“ Modern World ”in the same year -“ It turned out that overweight cranberries, under the cool dream of which the French novelists of good old times loved to contemplate the Russian man for vacationers for a samovar in midday heat. ” Finally, in 1910, the play by Boris Heyer was staged at the St. Petersburg Theater of the Parody of Krivoy Mirror "Love of the Russian Cossack", in which the girl Aksenka recalled with tears how she sat with her beloved Ivan "under the wealthy bitch of a hundred years of cranberries." Soon, a girl named Mashka became the heroine of a parody franco -speaking verse, obviously written under the impression of the mentioned scene, and was born, judging by language mistakes, a verse in Russia.
And by the beginning of the 1920s, phraseologism became megapopular: an idiom Used And Lev Trotsky, and Andrei Bely, and the speaker at the XXII Congress of the CPSU, and the editor of the release of the correspondence of Emperor Nicholas II with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
From the foregoing, it follows that the expression “amusing cranberries” dates back to either the joke or to the real occasion of the mid -19th century, but it has nothing to do with the author of “three musketeers”.
Incorrect attribution of quote
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1. Terrible, cranberries and a glass of samovar
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