The effect of "structured water" has largely built modern homeopathy. We check if there is evidence of the effect.

On large quantities Internet sites, V books, and also central press The 1990s-early 2000s can be found that the water has memory. In 2006, the state television channel "Russia" showed a high-budget documentary in the prime time "The Great Secret of Water", Having made this theory popular with us. The film was shot with the money of the channel and received the TEFI television Award. According to the film and publications, scientists presented the results of studies that document it.

We are talking about research in the 80s of the last century the famous French immunologist Jacques Benvenist, published Based on them, an article in the authoritative scientific journal Nature. As well as (in the Russian-speaking environment) about the works of the doctor of biological sciences Stanislav Zenin, who allegedly proved in his doctoral dissertation of 1999 the geometric model of the main stable structural formation from water molecules (structured water), and then received the image of these structures using a contrast and impulsive microscope.

According to these studies, "water possesses The ability to remember what substances were dissolved in it. And not only to remember, but also to reproduce the properties of solutions, despite the fact that not a single molecule of the desired substance in the solution is virtually not. Such an effect is achieved due to the fact that water molecules in a certain alleged way are built around the molecules of the dissolved substance and subsequently retain this structure, ”the publication writes N+1.

The results of the experiments of Benvenist and his colleagues, published in Nature, contradicted the existing at that time (And now) ideas about the physicochemical properties of water. Therefore, the editor of Nature magazine agreed to accept the publication only on the condition that the researchers will conduct a second experiment under the supervision of an independent commission.

Such an experiment took place and in general initially confirmed the conclusions of the French laboratory. However, when trying to “blind” testing (that is, make the experimenter does not know in which tube the active substance, and in which-an empty sample or standard for comparison) everything has changed: the water refused to remember something.

It is still unknown what caused the original success of Benvenist. Either he consciously wanted to deceive the scientific community, or sincerely believed in his incredible results, but the scientist never recognized his own mistake, graduated from an academic career and continued experiments in an independent laboratory.

As for Stanislav Zenin, Russian scientists did not try to check his results. He has no international publications. And analysis by experts-chemists of his dissertation Shows Extremely low methodological level and complete absence of the experimental part. That is, they believe that there is nothing to argue there.

Most sites that continue to talk about water in the sale of either “correctly structured water” or various devices for structuring it. The Japanese suited more than others in this Masaru Yamotowho showed everyone “beautiful” crystals of ice from the water, which was allegedly influenced by good music or a kind word, and “ugly”, which have undergone bad influence.

But Yamoto did not have scientific publications at all, and by education he was a specialist in international relations. And he received a doctoral degree on alternative medicine. But he clearly succeeded in marketing, because he successfully sold Indigo Water - “geometrically perfect water with a message to your body” - $ 35 per about 150 ml.